Sunday, March 10, 2019

What’s New About Fake News?

The apparently falling standards for what people are willing to believe in seems to be the topic of the day.  We have immense, well-capitalized media outlets like Fox News just making stuff up, crazy conspiracies on the internet, a refusal to accept scientific expertise on matters, like climate change, where it is as well established as it’s ever been.  What’s up with all this?

I was provoked into thinking about this by a dreadful book review in The Nation: David Bell on Sophia Rosenfeld’s Democracy and Truth.  I haven’t read Rosenfeld, and maybe she’s pretty good, but it’s clear Bell is confused about the very starting point for thinking about the problem.  He talks about “regimes of truth”, which he cribs from Foucault: there is no capital-T truth out there, just different views on it which possess more or less power/authority.  We happen to suffer from elites or at least some portion of them, writes Bell, who have particularly dismal standards regarding what should count as true.  The solution is to replace the bad authorities with good ones, more or less.

The error, which ought to be obvious, is that capital-T truth is irrelevant.  It’s the wrong reference point, and it doesn’t matter that no one really knows (for sure) what it is.  The real question is, what are the standards we hold ourselves to in learning about the world and minimizing error?  For instance, do we honestly engage with those who disagree with us?  Do we maintain a modicum of self-doubt and face up to the evidence that could show us we’re wrong about something?  Do we respect logical consistency?  These standards don’t guarantee we’ll arrive at the Truth, nor even that we’ll know it if we stumble on it by accident.  They do reduce the risk of error, and that’s about all we can ask.  By not centering the discussion on standards for argument and belief, Bell can’t even pose the relevant question.

So what’s distinctive about the current situation?  I don’t think it’s the extent of dishonest and otherwise wildly erroneous argument and pseudo-facticity; there’s been an abundant supply of that over my lifetime (I’m on in years), and from what I’ve read it was abundant long before that.  I can remember being furious at the Walter Cronkites and David Brinkleys of my youth for purveying news that was blatantly false.

Here’s a hypothesis.  What has changed is not the amount of falsehood but the willful disregard for standards of error detection in order to disseminate it.  We live in a world of greatly increased information flows, where a false news report can and will be contradicted within minutes by someone in a position to recognize it, document its falsity and post it on electronic media somewhere.  A higher proportion of the population is college-educated than ever before, and even many reporters can understand budgets, follow basic statistical analysis, and make sense of scientific arguments.  In other words, as standards have risen, standardlessness stands more exposed than it did in the past.  It’s simply more blatant, because it has to be.

Take an example: the Gulf of Tonkin “incident”.  This was, as all sides now agree, a direct, calculated lie.  The administration of Lyndon Johnson wanted a free hand to wage war in Indochina; to get it they fabricated a fake attack by North Vietnam on a US navy ship.  (The actual attack was us against them.)  But it wasn’t transparently false.  There was a tiny trickle of evidence from Hanoi and only much belated information from US sailors.  It was a fog of war thing.  Today, on the other hand, when Trump issues a lie, the counterevidence is in front of our eyes within minutes.  To maintain his lie, Trump has to discard elementary standards of truth-seeking and reveal himself for what he is.  LBJ had the luxury of being able to keep up appearances.

I don’t mean to come across as so cynical as to say there’s no difference.  On the contrary, standards matter enormously.  Both presidents lied, but only one directly and openly flouts the standard that evidence should count.  My claim is that we’ve arrived at a point at which transparent disregard for logic and evidence is the only way to continue lying.

4 comments:

AXEC / E.K-H said...

Links on Peter Dorman’s ‘What’s New About Fake News?’

Economics has at all times been in the fake news business. Walrasianism, Keynesianism, Marxianism, Austrianism is just disinformation.

Economics: 200+ years of scientific incompetence and fraud
http://axecorg.blogspot.de/2017/06/economics-200-years-of-scientific.html

Opinion, conversation, interpretation, blather: the economist’s major immunizing stratagems
https://axecorg.blogspot.com/2019/02/opinion-conversation-interpretation.html

Egmont Kakarot-Handtke

#Economics #FailedScience #FakeScience #CargoCultSciences #ScientificIncompetence #Economists #PoliticalEconomics #MicroFoundations #Macroeconomics #ProfitTheory #NewEconomicThinking #DrainTheScientificSwamp #DeleteEconomics #ParadigmShift #NewParadigm #Science

Anonymous said...

My claim is that we’ve arrived at a point at which transparent disregard for logic and evidence is the only way to continue lying.

[ A brilliant essay. ]

Anonymous said...

Please notice in relation to the Gulf of Tonkin incident, the repeated falsity of American accounts of what has been happening in Venezuela as we work to destroy the Venezuelan government:

https://twitter.com/ggreenwald/status/1104768263077195777

Glenn Greenwald‏ @ggreenwald

Independent journalists - the kind who treat claims from U.S. officials skeptically rather than mindlessly spreading as Truth - proved weeks ago that the claims about burning humanitarian trucks in Venezuela were a lie. But they were kept off TV & ignored

https://theintercept.com/2019/03/10/nyts-expose-on-the-lies-about-burning-humanitarian-trucks-in-venezuela-shows-how-us-govt-and-media-spread-fake-news/

New York Time’s Exposé on the Lies About Burning Humanitarian Trucks in Venezuela Shows How US Govt and Media Spread Fake News

8:37 AM - 10 Mar 2019

Anonymous said...

https://twitter.com/WSJForero/status/1104915409206239232

Juan Forero‏ @WSJForero

Actually, sources at the hospital said no neonatal deaths recorded as of this afternoon / fuentes médicas en ese hospital dijeron esta tarde que no hubo muertes en ese hospital.

Marco Rubio @marcorubio

Report that at least 80 neonatal patients have died at University Hospital in Maracaibo, Zulia, since the blackout began on Thursday in #Venezuela. Unimaginable tragedy. Heartbreaking.

https://twitter.com/vpitv/status/1104787296862326785 …

6:22 PM - 10 Mar 2019