At the Columbia Center for Contemporary Critical Thought Marx 9/13 session on the Grundrisse last night, I asked a question from Zoom that cannot be heard on the Youtube video because of technical difficulties. I will try to reconstruct the jist of the question here along with a bit of context. I apologize if the reconstruction of my question is a bit more coherent than the original, which was made unintelligable by a time delay and apparent distractions in the audience.
In his presentation, Michael Hardt spoke about the Italian Autonomists' "refusal of work" strategy that Antonio Negri articulated in his book, Marx Beyond Marx. In talking about how the strategy related to the Grundrisse, Hardt referred to a parenthetical passage where Marx talked about "the worker’s participation in the higher, even cultural satisfactions...":
...the agitation for his own interests, newspaper subscriptions, attending lectures, educating his children, developing his taste etc., his only share of civilization which distinguishes him from the slave, is economically only possible by widening the sphere of his pleasures at the times when business is good, where saving is to a certain degree possible.
With reference to that refusal of work and widening the sphere of pleasure, I asked Hardt about Marx's discussion of disposable time and his remarkable sentence that "[t]he whole development of wealth rests on the creation of disposable time." I pointed out that Marx had cited the 1821 pamphlet, The Source and Remedy of the National Difficulties, on disposable time immediately before presenting his own statement and that William Godwin, who influenced the author of the pamphlet (Dilke), wrote something very similar to Marx's widening the sphere of pleasure:
Those hours which are not required for the production of the necessaries of life, may be devoted to the cultivation of the understanding, the enlarging our stock of knowledge, the refining our taste, and thus opening to us new and more exquisite sources of enjoyment.
Given these affinities, I asked if Hardt had given any thought to how a reading of the 1821 pamphlet and of Godwin's writings on leisure for all might illuminate Marx's thought on these topics.
Here is a clip of Michael Hardt's reply:
7 comments:
"Those hours which are not required for the production of the necessaries of life, may be devoted to the cultivation of the understanding, the enlarging our stock of knowledge, the refining our taste, and thus opening to us new and more exquisite sources of enjoyment."
What is interesting and important is that in China, especially urban China, this is precisely what is provided for and encouraged and increasingly participated in. I need to look to such participation in rural China.
"especially urban China, this is precisely what is provided for and encouraged and increasingly participated in."
I would love to see sources if you have any English language ones. Thank you!
https://english.news.cn/20250114/f60374bf134445aca8e6e9675b5adcf5/c.html
January 14, 2025
More young Chinese opt for night school after work
TAIYUAN -- Hui Ruixue doesn't rush home after work, instead, she heads to a sports center in Taiyuan, capital of north China's Shanxi Province, to attend a tennis class.
"The night school program has made my dream of learning tennis come true," said the 28-year-old, who attends sessions with five other white-collar workers in the city.
Hui explained that the 12 tennis classes cost only 500 yuan (about 69.6 U.S. dollars), a reasonable price and the evening schedule is very convenient for her.
Night school programs have gained widespread popularity nationwide in recent years. Originally emerging in first-tier cities like Beijing and Shanghai, this educational model has since expanded to many second- and third-tier cities, as well as county-level towns, offering a wide range of courses.
In 2024, east China's Jiangxi Province established 460 youth night school teaching sites, offering over 1,650 courses that have benefited more than 42,000 young people.
In southwest China's Yunnan Province, more than 200,000 young people have participated in night school programs since 2014.
Night schools are not a new thing in China, but today's night schools are more focused on cultivating adults' interests and hobbies, offering affordable and accessible courses, said Li Jianghao, a night school operator in Taiyuan.
In night schools across Taiyuan, participants can attend nearly 15 hours of classes for just a few hundred yuan. These courses are primarily interest-based and experiential learning, such as photography, dance, painting, calligraphy and musical instruments.
Li Fenglai, director of the provincial cultural center of Shanxi, attributes the popularity of night schools partly to the active support of local governments and civil society organizations with the aim of improving public cultural services.
Thanks to Communist Youth Leagues, cultural centers, trade unions and cultural and tourism departments, designated intangible cultural heritage inheritors, university professors, musicians and calligraphers are invited to give lectures to the young people.
The growing spiritual and cultural needs of young people have helped night schools continue to thrive, with many popular courses quickly selling out...
Please play the short explanation:
https://news.cgtn.com/news/2025-03-01/Loud-Music-Without-Disturbance-1Bosj3ERqne/index.html
March 1, 2025
Loud Music Without Disturbance
As night falls in Beijing's Jinrongjie, its public square transforms into a lively gathering spot for dance enthusiasts, with different dance groups filling the space. However, for the residents in a nearby apartment complex, the dancers' loud music became a long-standing source of frustration. So a practical solution was urgently needed. Amid the tension, innovative directional sound wave technology provided a perfect fix, allowing both the dancers and residents to coexist peacefully.
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202409/1319176.shtml
September 3, 2024
Twenty-four hour libraries gain popularity across China
Nighttime knowledge hubs
As the sun sets and the city is enveloped in the peaceful cover of night, a new trend is gaining momentum across China: the 24-hour library. These well-lit havens provide a sanctuary for students, professionals, and anyone in need of a quiet place to read or study in the late hours.
In addition to staying open 24 hours a day, and featuring a wide variety of books, these libraries are equipped with comprehensive study facilities, including water, electricity, power outlets and restrooms. Some even offer beverage service and dining options.
According to a report by state broadcaster CCTV, these libraries remain bustling even on weekday nights. White-collar workers, students attending online classes, and citizens taking a break are regular patrons...
https://english.news.cn/20240808/065d87234ec04983842d10229d1ef705/c.html
August 8, 2024
China paves the way for more sustainable future through reform and opening up
By Zhu Shaobin
BEIJING -- From the lively food stalls in Taizhou city in east China's Jiangsu Province, where throngs of tourists gather, to the bustling Qianmen Street in Beijing where people queue up for tea-flavored ice cream in the hot summer, nighttime tourism is booming across China.
With a market scale valued at over 50 trillion yuan (about 7 trillion U.S. dollars), the nighttime economy aligns with the nation's efforts to boost consumer spending on services. In the first half of 2024 (H1), surveyed online travel and catering services consumption grew 59.9 percent and 21.7 percent year on year, respectively...
https://english.news.cn/20240831/1c94ad9d0e6d4155973174f05c22444a/c.html
August 31, 2024
Nighttime economy remains vibrant in scorching "furnace city"
CHONGQING -- Despite nighttime temperatures hovering near 40 degrees Celsius, the Nanping subdistrict in southwest China's Chongqing Municipality remains bustling, with hotpot restaurants, cafes and bars continuing to thrive.
"The Zhengjie and Houbao blocks in the subdistrict are renowned for their delicious food and diverse cultural activities, attracting people from all walks of life to unwind after work," said Li Bo, Party secretary of the Zhengjie block, adding that these two areas draw an average of 5,000 visitors daily...
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